The Comparative Report provides a comprehensive overview of how Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are being researched, implemented, and co-managed across Europe. Developed through the collaboration of universities, research organisations, inter-university consortia, and technology parks from six European countries, the report brings together experiences from the four main European biogeographical regions — Mediterranean, Continental, Atlantic, and Boreal — offering a unique perspective on the diversity of environmental and socio-economic contexts in which NbS are applied.

The report analyses NbS through the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, economic, and social. It explores how these solutions contribute to climate adaptation and mitigation, strengthen ecosystem resilience, support sustainable economic development, and improve citizens’ quality of life. At the same time, it identifies the main barriers that still limit the wider adoption of NbS and highlights opportunities for future development.

One of the most innovative aspects of the report is its multi-level structure. Starting from 16 real case studies developed through interviews with exemplary organisations and local actors, the analysis expands to national reports and finally to a European comparative framework. 

This approach makes it possible to identify common trends, transferable practices, and innovative solutions that can inspire future projects, policies, and educational initiatives.

More than a research publication, the Comparative Report is designed as a practical knowledge resource for teachers, students, policy-makers, practitioners, and citizens interested in understanding how NbS can contribute to building more resilient communities and ecosystems.